SCCT1023 Group A 30/8/09

Today, we continue our topic of data communication. We learn the topology and network. Network has 2 or more computers linked together to exchange data and share resource, they are LAN and WAN. Computers connected to a LAN are called workstations or nodes. LAN has 2 types, are peer-to-peer and client-server. The physical layout of a LAN is called its topology. Topologies resolve the problem of contention, which occurs when multiple users try to access the LAN at the same time. They have 5 types as ring, bus, star, tree and Mesh. We need to find out tree and mesh topology and paste it.

Mesh networking is a way to route data, voice and instructions between nodes. It allows for continuous connections and reconfiguration around broken or blocked paths by “hopping” from node to node until the destination is reached. A mesh network whose nodes are all connected to each other is a fully connected network. Mesh networks differ from other networks in that the component parts can all connect to each other via multiple hops, and they generally are not mobile. Mesh networks can be seen as one type of ad hoc network. Mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) and mesh networks are therefore closely related, but MANET also have to deal with the problems introduced by the mobility of the nodes.
Mesh networks are self-healing: the network can still operate even when a node breaks down or a connection goes bad. As a result, this network is very reliable. This concept is applicable to wireless networks, wired networks, and software interaction. The animation at the right illustrates how wireless mesh networks can self form and self heal. For more animations see History of Wireless Mesh Networking
Wireless mesh networks are the most topical application of mesh architectures. Wireless mesh was originally developed for military applications but have undergone significant evolution in the past decade. As the cost of radios plummeted, single radio products evolved to support more radios per mesh node with the additional radios providing specific functions- such as client access, backhaul service or scanning radios for high speed handover in mobility applications. The mesh node design also became more modular - one box could support multiple radio cards - each operating at a different frequency.

Tree Topology
Among all the Network Topologies we can derive that the Tree Topology is a combination of the bus and the Star Topology. The tree like structure allows you to have many servers on the network and you can branch out the network in many ways. This is particularly helpful for colleges, universities and schools so that each of the branches can identify the relevant systems in their own network and yet connect to the big network in some way.



A Tree Structure suits best when the network is widely spread and vastly divided into many branches. Like any other topologies, the Tree Topology has its advantages and disadvantages. A Tree Network may not suit small networks and it may be a waste of cable to use it for small networks. Tree Topology has some limitations and the configuration should suit those limitations.

Tree Network topology Benefits
A Tree Topology is supported by many network vendors ad even hardware vendors.
A point to point connection is possible with Tree Networks.
All the computers have access to the larger and their immediate networks.
Best topology for branched out networks.

Tree Topology Limitations
In a Network Topology the length of the network depends on the type of cable that is being used.
The Tree Topology network is entirely dependant on the trunk which is the main backbone of the network. If that has to fail then the entire network would fail.
Since the Tree Topology network is big it is difficult to configure and can get complicated after a certain point.
The Tree Topology follows a hierarchical pattern where each level is connected to the next higher level in a symmetrical pattern. Each level in the hierarchy follows a certain pattern in connecting the nodes. Like the top most level might have only one node or two nodes and the following level in the hierarchy might have few more nodes which work on the point to point connectivity and the third level also has asymmetrical node to node pattern and each of these levels are connected to the root level in the hierarchy. Think of a tree that branches out in various directions and all these branches need the roots and the tree trunk to survive. A Tree Structured network is very similar to this and that is why it is called the Tree Topology.
Tree Topology Features
There will be at least three levels of hierarchy in the Tree Network Topology and they all work based on the root node.
The Tree Topology has two kinds of topology integral in it, the star and the linear way of connecting to nodes.
The Tree Topology functions by taking into account the total number of nodes present in the network. It does not matter how many nodes are there on each level. Nodes can be added to any level of the hierarchy and there are no limitations a far as the total number of nodes do not exceed.
The higher levels in the hierarchy are expected to perform more functions than the lower levels in the network.



Tree Topology Conclusion
The signals that are being transmitted by the root node are received by all the nodes at the same time. This increases the efficiency of the over all functioning of the network. The Tree Network topology can be extended easily to function and there are no limitations to how big it can be extended. Additional root nodes can be added and they can be interconnected within one single network.

UTP and STP

scct1023 Group A 26/8/09

That day, we get the result of quiz. I think that I will get bad result. But I surprised that I can get six marks in fifteen marks. After that, we started our class with new chapter about data communication. Then, we took our result to lecturer and checked the marks and also answer. I knew that the reason I get wrong. I will do my best in my assignments and final exam to get good result.


Twisted Pair
advantages
· Inexpensive and readily available
· Flexible and light weight
· Easy to work with and install
disadvantages
· Susceptibility to interference and noise
· Attention problem:
~for analog, repeaters needed every 5-6km
~for digital, repeaters needed every 2-3km
· Relatively low bandwidth (3000Hz)
Coaxial Cable
advantages
· Higher bandwidth
· Can be tapped easily
· Much less susceptible to interference than twisted pair
disadvantages
· High attenuation rate makes it expensive over long distance
· bulky
Fiber Optic Cable
advantages
· greater capacity
· smaller size and lighter weight
· lower attenuation
· immunity to environmental interference
· highly secure due to tap difficulty and lack of signal radiation
disadvantages
· expensive over short distance
· requires highly skilled installers
· adding additional nodes is difficult

SCCT1023 Group A 23/8/09

Today our topic is about the world wide web(www), search engine and browser, email, newsgroup, bulletin board and network technology. Internet and Web are different. Internet is part of the system that is primarily hardware infrastructure. However, the web is part of the system that contains intellectual property in many multimedia formats. We use the web browsers such as IE, Firefox, Opera, Netscape Navigator and Camino (Mac OSX). for me, i always use IE. Search engines are from different web crawler. Network technology is a series of points or nodes interconnected by communication paths. This thing is always i use it, now i know that what thing i am using and more understand the web and internet.

SCCT1023 group A 12/8/09

That day is quiz day. But lecturer hasn't come becouse she is sick. However my other course paper's lecturer is Mr. Mot come to replace her. My quiz is poor, because i forget all the thing. before that day , i was busy for activity CAS day and disscussion and also night class. I was only remember a few. Haih..... i want to cry as my result is bad!!wuwuwuwuwu............

SCCT1023 Group A 9/8/2009

Today we can go back early as lecturer finishes chapter early. Today we still learn with chapter four. This is about that online annoyances and internet and www. Online annoyances has spam, pop-ups, cookies, malware, spyware, phishing and hoaxes. We also know that the internet. Internet is a worldwide system of interconnected computer. It is a system represents any collection of components that interact to accomplish a common goal. The origin of the internet has a few kind such as ARPANET, TCP/IP, NSFNET, and InterNIC. Computer can connects internet with a few connections such as hardware, modem, telephone line, ISP and internet software. We also can use broadband to connect internet. If you are poor, you can use the satellite connections. But its signal is affected by location and weather. I always use UUM Zone to connect the internet. Now my room can connect it. I'm not need to go out for online.

Myeg portal and Rilek portal

That day we learned new chapter about that computer communication. We know that internet communication has a few types. They are instant messaging, VoIP, weblogs, Podcasts, webcasts and wikis, chat rooms, newsgroups and E-mail. In this chapter, we more know detail with internet communication. We also learn about conducting business over the internet. It has e-commerce. In the e-commerce, we can use electronic commerce, business-to-business, business-to-consumer, consumer-to-consumer, and secure transaction. E-commerce has learn in marketing which I take this course paper last semester. Lecturer ask us to find out the Myeg portal and Rilek portal. I find them such as:
MyEG Services Berhad is a concessionaire for the Malaysian E-Government MSC Flagship Application. MyEG role as a Service Provider for the E-Services component essentially provides the electronic link between the Government and citizens/businesses. Through MyEG portal, MyEG offer the Malaysian public a single point of contact between the Government and the people it serves. MyEG portal enables Malaysians to dynamically interact with numerous agencies within the Federal, State and the Local Government machinery providing services ranging from information searches to licence applications. To cater the services which require physical presence/interaction, MyEG has set up E-Service Centres located throughout the country to complement our online presence. We believe that through this dual approach, we can enhance the relationship and quality of interaction between the Government of Malaysia and it’s citizens. MyEG Services has established the electronic link between the Government and citizens/businesses. This website enables the Malaysian public a single point of contact between the Government and the people it serves. There are a few other services currently being offered at the website.
Introducing RILEK as the revolutionary way to perform all your e-government services: Jabatan Pengangkutan Jalan (JPJ) ,Polis DiRaja Malaysia (PDRM), Telekom Malaysia Berhad (TMB)
and Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB). We provide easy transactions electronically via various delivery channels. RILEK offers JPJ Driving Licences services, summons payments and inquiries on Kejara points. Our services include electronic utility bill payment for TNB and Telekom bills. Go online and experience hands-on the technologically advanced payment method, minus the hassle, queues, and frustrations. You can complete all your billing payments and inquiries in an instant, comfortably from anywhere. RILEK represent reliability, simplicity and security. RILEK is equipped with high-end multimedia facilities and system support to accommodate heavy traffic flow. In addition, it is capable of processing information at an efficient and high-speed rate. RILEK promotes a hassle-free and innovative lifestyle that is designed to eliminate queues and frustrations. RILEK combines advanced technology and human proficiency to enhance your lifestyle.

B2B C2C B2C

Business-to-business (B2B) describes commerce transactions between businesses, such as between a manufacturer and a wholesaler, or between a wholesaler and a retailer. Contrasting terms are business-to-consumer (B2C) and business-to-government (B2G).The volume of B2B transactions is much higher than the volume of B2C transactions. The primary reason for this is that in a typical supply chain there will be many B2B transactions involving subcomponent or raw materials, and only one B2C transaction, specifically sale of the finished product to the end customer. For example, an automobile manufacturer makes several B2B transactions such as buying tires, glass for windshields, and rubber hoses for its vehicles. The final transaction, a finished vehicle sold to the consumer, is a single (B2C) transaction.

Consumer-to-consumer (C2C) (or citizen-to-citizen) electronic commerce involves the electronically-facilitated transactions between consumers through some third party. A common example is the online auction, in which a consumer posts an item for sale and other consumers bid to purchase it; the third party generally charges a flat fee or commission. The sites are only intermediaries, just there to match consumers. They do not have to check quality of the products being offered.

Business-to-consumer (B2C, sometimes also called Business-to-Customer) describes activities of businesses serving end consumers with products and/or services.
An example of a B2C transaction would be a person buying a pair of shoes from a retailer. The transactions that led to the shoes being available for purchase, that is the purchase of the leather, laces, rubber, etc. as well as the sale of the shoe from the shoemaker to the retailer would be considered (B2B) transactions.

e-government and e.commurce

e-Government (short for electronic government, also known as e-gov, digital government, online government or transformational government) is a diffused neologism used to refer to the use of information and communication technology to provide and improve government services, transactions and interactions with citizens, businesses, and other arms of government.
Electronic Commerce, commonly known as (electronic marketing) e-commerce or eCommerce, consists of the buying and selling of products or services over electronic systems such as the Internet and other computer networks. The amount of trade conducted electronically has grown extraordinarily with widespread Internet usage. The use of commerce is conducted in this way, spurring and drawing on innovations in electronic funds transfer, supply chain management, Internet marketing, online transaction processing, electronic data interchange (EDI), inventory management systems, and automated data collection systems. Modern electronic commerce typically uses the World Wide Web at least at some point in the transaction's lifecycle, although it can encompass a wider range of technologies such as e-mail as well.
A large percentage of electronic commerce is conducted entirely electronically for virtual items such as access to premium content on a website, but most electronic commerce involves the transportation of physical items in some way. Online retailers are sometimes known as e-tailers and online retail is sometimes known as e-tail. Almost all big retailers have electronic commerce presence on the World Wide Web. Electronic commerce that is conducted between businesses is referred to as business-to-business or B2B. B2B can be open to all interested parties (e.g. commodity exchange) or limited to specific, pre-qualified participants (private electronic market). Electronic commerce that is conducted between businesses and consumers, on the other hand, is referred to as business-to-consumer or B2C. This is the type of electronic commerce conducted by companies such as Amazon.com. Electronic commerce is generally considered to be the sales aspect of e-business. It also consists of the exchange of data to facilitate the financing and payment aspects of the business transactions.

SCCT1023 Group A 2/8/09

That day was tired for me. Why? It is because I come back to uum at that morning. I afraid I was late to my class. Luckily, I reached the class at 9.30am. I wasn’t late. Hehe ….
At the second class for cct1023, I felt tired and asleep because I ran too fast to my first class. When lecturer was teaching, I felt asleep but I still at class to learn the input and output device. Lecturer said that if you wanted to go out for rest also can, but I did not do that. I still stayed in class to listen until finish class. Before mid semester break, we have a quiz. Oh my god, I still havn’t prepare it!!!